sul P. eryngii complex (dedicato a Renzo il Buttero)

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sul P. eryngii complex (dedicato a Renzo il Buttero)

Messaggio da Queletia mirabilis » 27 apr 2020, 13:17

https://www.academia.edu/23319480/A_rea ... card=title

A questo link potete scaricare un lavoro di esponenti delle università di Atene e di Palermo risalente al 2014, dove gli autori analizzano diverse raccolte di Pleurotus eryngii complex a livello mondiale. Creano una nuova specie crescente in N.E. Italia, Slovenia, Ungheria e descrivono parecchie varietà di eryngii s.s. e altre specie ruotanti intorno ad esso.

Articolo in lingua inglese. Vi riporto l'abstract.

The Pleurotus eryngii species-complex comprises choice edible mushrooms growing on
roots and lower stem residues of Apiaceae (umbellifers) plants. Material deriving from extensive
sampling was studied by mating compatibility, morphological and ecological criteria,
and through analysis of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and IGS1 rRNA sequences. Results revealed that
P. eryngii sensu stricto forms a diverse and widely distributed aggregate composed of varieties
elaeoselini, eryngii, ferulae, thapsiae, and tingitanus. Pleurotus eryngii subsp. tuoliensis comb.
nov. is a phylogenetically sister group to the former growing only on various Ferula species
in Asia. The existence of Pleurotus nebrodensis outside of Sicily (i.e., in Greece) is reported for
the first time on the basis of molecular data, while P. nebrodensis subsp. fossulatus comb.
nov. is a related Asiatic taxon associated with the same plant (Prangos ferulacea). Last, Pleurotus
ferulaginis sp. nov. grows on Ferulago campestris in northeast Italy, Slovenia and Hungary;
it occupies a distinct phylogenetic position accompanied with significant differences
in spore size and mating incompatibility versus other Pleurotus populations. Coevolution
with umbellifers and host/substrate specificity seem to play key roles in speciation processes
within this fungal group. An identification key to the nine Pleurotus taxa growing
in association with Apiaceae plants is provided.

Chiave di determinazione.
1 Associated only with Prangos ferulacea....................................................................................................... 2
Associated with other Apiaceae hosts.....................................................................................................3
2(1) Occurring in Sicily (Italy) and south continental Greece, basidiomes appearing usually singly during spring
or early summer, in altitudes from 1200 to 2000 m, pileus 3.0–14.5 cm, light ivory to cream, basidiospores
12.2–17.4 × 5.5–8.2 μm (Qm=2.27)………….......................................................................................nebrodensis
Occurring in west and central Asia, basidiomes appearing in spring, in high altitudes, pileus 3.0–14.0 (–25) cm,
whitish to cream to yellow ochraceous, surface initially glabrous later strobiliform, squamulose and often deeply
cracked, basidiospores 9.0–14.0 × 4.5–6.0 μm (Qm=2.24).......................................nebrodensis subsp. fossulatus
3(1) Associated with Ferulago campestris (and possibly Pimpinella saxifraga), occurring in NE Italy, Slovenia
and Hungary, basidiomes appearing singly or in small groups, in May and June, from sea level to 700 m, pileus
4.0–15.0 cm, whitish to ochraceous to beige to brown, basidiospores 11.3–13.4 × 4.6–5.1 μm
(Qm=2.54).................................................................................................................................................ferulaginis
Associated with other Apiaceae hosts (not previously mentioned)........................................................................ 4
4(3) Associated with Ferula spp. that present mostly (or only) an Asiatic distribution, occurring only in Asia,
basidiomes appearing usually singly during spring to early summer, in mountains and high altitude plains, pileus
4.0–16.5 cm, whitish to cream, basidiospores 8.7–14.3 × 4.5–6.3 μm
(Qm=2.15).................................................................................................................. .........eryngii subsp. tuoliensis
Associated with other Apiaceae hosts (not previously mentioned).........................................................................5
5(4) Forming light coloured pilei, i.e. whitish to cream to buff to beige, occurring in Europe and associated with
Elaeoselinum asclepium subsp. asclepium, Margotia gummifera, Laserpitium latifolium, L. siler, Magydaris
panacifolia and Thapsia villosa, basidiomes appearing in autumn and spring, singly or in groups, growing from
sea level to alpine environments, basidiospores 10–14 × 4.8–7.1 μm
(Qm=2.09).............................................................................................................................eryngii var. elaeoselini
Dark coloured pilei, i.e. tan brown to brown to dark brown to grey brown............................................................ 6
6(5) Associated only with Ferula spp. occurring in the larger Mediterranean area, basidiomes appearing from
autumn to spring, singly or in groups, found in garigues, wastelands and pastures, on limestone and silicaceous
soils, from sea level to 1200 m, pileus 5–25 (–30) cm, fleshy, dark brown to chestnut brown to grey
brown.......................................................................................eryngii var. tingitanus (on F. tingitana), and
..................eryngii var. ferulae (on F. communis)
Associated with hosts other than Ferula spp. (not previously mentioned)..............................................................7
7(6) Associated with Thapsia garganica, reported so far only from Sicily (Italy), basidiomes appearing in spring
and autumn, usually at high elevations (> 1000 m), mostly singly, pileus 2–10 cm, brown to dark or grey brown,
basidiospores 10–14 × 5–7 μm (Qm=2.00)..............................................................................eryngii var. thapsiae
Associated with Eryngium spp., Opopanax chironium, Peucedanum spp., Smyrniopsis aucheri, Kellusia
odoratissima etc., basidiomes appearing from autumn to late winter, occurring mostly in groups from sea level
to 1500 m, pileus 4–15 cm, light brown to tan brown to grey brown, basidiospores 9.1–13.5 × 4.6–6.7 μm
(Qm=2.04)...................................................................................................................................eryngii var. eryngii

Conclusioni
The outcome of this study shows that Pleurotus fungi growing
in association with Apiaceae plants could be classified into
three phylogenetic species: Pleurotus eryngii (or P. eryngii sensu
stricto), Pleurotus nebrodensis and Pleurotus ferulaginis. The former
includes populations from almost the entire known geographic
distribution of the complex, growing on a wide
diversity of plants. This species includes several established
varieties (i.e., vars. eryngii, ferulae, elaeoselini, thapsiae, and tingitanus),
all primarily distinguished by the identity of the associated
host/substrate and by a few ecomorphological characters.
Strains isolated from Laserpitium plants are classified within P.
eryngii, and they are not related with P. nebrodensis as it was reported
in the past. White-pilei producing Pleurotus fungi, distributed
from Iran to China and growing on Ferula spp.
occurring in Asia, form a distinct phylogenetic cluster and
show low intercompatibility versus most other groups of the
P. eryngii complex. However, their relatively high genetic relatedness
to P. eryngii justifies their positioning at a subspecific
level, P. eryngii subsp. tuoliensis comb. nov. (instead of P. eryngii
var. tuoliensis, which was previously used to describe Chinese
material from a narrower host/substrate range).
Despite the fact that P. nebrodensis still demonstrates
a (low) in vitro intercompatibility with P. eryngii, ecomorphological
characters and sequencing results advocate for its
placement as a distinct species. It is associated with Prangos
ferulacea only, and its distribution is not restricted in Sicily
(as previously believed) but extends to southern continental
Greece and most possibly to west Asia as well on the basis
of molecular data. The name ‘Pleurotus fossulatus’ previously
used to accommodate white-pilei Pleurotus growing on Pr. ferulacea
from western and central Asia should be replaced by P.
nebrodensis subsp. fossulatus comb. nov. since specimens described
under the former name are linked to European P.
nebrodensis material after the comparative evaluation of morphological,
mating compatibility and molecular results.
Last but not least, P. ferulaginis sp. nov. is well discriminated
from all other Pleurotus taxa growing on umbellifers as
evidenced bymorphology, mating compatibility and sequence
data. It grows in association with Ferulago campestris (and possibly
with Pimpinella saxifraga), and its distribution is limited to
Slovenia, NE Italy, and Hungary.

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